![]() We suggest that either or both may account for motion sickness when viewing S3D. In this paper, we show that (1) the chain of 3D stereoscopic image capture and display causes dynamic depth distortion in stereo image motion, which results in spatiotemporal cue conflicts in depth perception of the displayed environment, and (2) the viewer's head movements cause perceptual instability of the displayed visual world and high-level cue conflicts. We postulate that such discomfort must be related to a viewer's perception of S3D motion. The S3D-related distortions have been mentioned as possible causes for viewing discomfort, but the discussions were usually limited to static (2D) distortions and their impact on binocular fusion, and have not been explicitly extended to explain how the dynamic changes of distortions may affect viewer's depth perception and cause motion sickness-like discomfort. A variety of potential causal factors for visual discomfort are also discussed in Kooi and Toet (2004) and Howarth (2011).Īlthough a variety of possible factors have been identified as causes of S3D discomfort, motion-sickness-related symptoms experienced during S3D viewing, ranging from light-headedness, dizziness, queasiness, nausea, and vomiting, cannot be explained directly by current understanding of the oculomotor conflict, or lack of relative blur. These distortions disrupt natural stereo fusion, and may increase overall 3D viewing discomfort (see Lambooij, Fortuin, Heynderickx, & IJsselsteijn, 2009 for review). ![]() Studies of 3D visual discomfort with stereo displays ( Pocket, Salmimaa, Polonen, & Hakkinen, 2010 Woods, Docherty, & Koch, 1993) have suggested that 2D image distortions during capture (e.g., lens distortion) and projection (e.g., keystone distortion) cause localized misalignment between the left and right eye images, especially in the periphery. Lack of naturally occurring blur at different virtual distances may also result in visual discomfort ( Wöpking, 1995). Visual discomfort symptoms such as eye strain, blurred vision, and double vision may be related to fundamental limitations of stereoscopic 3D (S3D) display technology that result in oculomotor conflict between accommodation and convergence demands ( Hoffman, Girshick, Akeley, & Banks, 2008 Howarth, 2011 Lambooij, IJsselsteijn, & Heynderickx, 2007 Peli, 1995 Rushton & Riddell, 1999 Shibata, Kim, Hoffman, & Banks, 2011 Tam, Speranza, Yano, Shimono, & Ono, 2011 Ukai & Howarth, 2008 Wann, Rushton, & Mon-Williams, 1995) a difference between viewing distance to the screen, focal distance, and the distance to the virtual stereo images, convergence distance ( Yano, Emoto, & Mitsuhashi, 2004). However, viewing stereoscopic displays frequently causes complaints of visual discomfort, including symptoms closely resembling motion sickness. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community.People view the three-dimensional (3D) physical world without any particular discomfort. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Katarina dreams of becoming a one-eyed surgeon. She enjoys spending her free time as an EMT with Columbia University Emergency Medical Services (CU-EMS) and acting as a user interface for visual prostheses that have the capacity to restore vision to the blind. She is currently majoring in Neuroscience and Behavior as a premedical student at Columbia University in New York City. Thereafter, she returned to America and worked as a teaching assistant in cardiothoracic surgery at Stanford University School of Medicine for the Cardiothoracic Surgical Skills Internship. Two years ago, she trained with the Salzburg Ballet Company, a professional ballet company in Austria. She wears a prosthesis for cosmetic purposes. Katarina Stephan was born with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, a congenital anomaly of the eye that ultimately led to the surgical removal of her left eye. With full forces ahead, she aspires to be the world's first visually impaired surgeon. ![]() Even with this disability, Stephan has triumphed through life as a student, ballerina, and emergency medical technicin (EMT). In this motivational talk, Katarina Stephan delves into her world as someone who is visually impaired.
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